The Relation Between Hypertension and Asthma
Asthma is currently understood as a disorder that is characterized by two main endotypes: type 2 high inflammation and type 2 low inflammation. These subtypes are broadly defined by their predominant underlying mechanism, which is largely determined by the T cells or innate lymphocytes and cytokines that are involved. Each endotype can be further subdivided into multiple phenotypes that are distinguished by clinical features, pathological findings, and biomarkers (chemokines). Owing to the lack of uniform criteria for classifying types of asthma 1 , estimates of the prevalence of type 2 high- and type 2 low-inflammation endotypes vary; however, each endotype appears to represent approximately half the population with asthma The degree of inflammation in patients with hypertension and asthma reflects the conjoint effect of both conditions
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Asthma and hypertension are common chronic diseases , each with attendant morbidity, mortality, and economic effects.The presence of hypertension with asthma creates an additional health burden; hypertension is the world’s most common modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death. and the prevalence of hypertension, like that of asthma, is increasing, along with costs, morbidity, and mortalityElevated systolic blood pressure was the leading global contributor to preventable death. In the United States, approximately one in three adults has high blood pressure., Patients with asthma are more likely to have hypertension than those who do not, independent of traditional risk factors. A diagnosis of hypertension is associated with augmented asthma severity, and reduced lung function has been correlated with heightened cardiovascular mortality.Given the bidirectional relationship between compromised lung function and compromised cardiovascular function, the rationale for treating and controlling hypertension in persons with asthma is compelling. Although the effect of blood-pressure control on asthma is largely unexplored , and the aim of this report is to discuss the potential mechanistic links between hypertension and asthma, the influence each condition has on the other, and approaches to the treatment of hypertension in adult patients with asthma
