Effect of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty Acids on atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation
Omega-3 are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) derived from alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), People are able to metabolize ALA and synthesize distinctive downstream long-chain unsaturated omega-3 PUFAs - including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) - through different enzymatic elongation and desaturation reactions, omega-3 (PUFAs) are essential fatty acids and so must be obtained by the diet from dairy items, seeds and seed oils. (1) Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory syndrome that leads to the progressive thickening of large artery walls and reduced blood flow over time, it is characterized by the presence of intimal lesions called atheromas (atheromatous plaques) which are raised lesions composed of soft lipid cores covered by fibrous caps Atherosclerotic plaques can mechanically obstruct vascular lumina which could lead to other complications.(2,3). Inflammation is a protective response involving host cells, blood vessels, and proteins and other mediators that is intended to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury, the initiation of acute inflammation is regulated by several lipid mediators, including the eicosanoids prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs) and leukotrienes (LTs), which have a role in the modulation of blood flood, endothelial permeability, polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) chemotaxis, and platelet aggregation. (1,4,5)
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Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory chronic disease influencing blood vessels and leads to vascular diseases, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are included in inflammatory processes. Particularly, omega-3 PUFAs apply anti-inflammatory properties by competing with omega-6 PUFAs and uprooting arachidonic acid in membrane phospholipids, diminishing the generation of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids. Experimental studies and a few clinical trials have illustrated that omega-3 PUFA supplementation may diminish the chance of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. This report portrays the interface between atherosclerosis, inflammation, as well as how omega-3 PUFA supplementation may be valuable to anticipate and treat inflammatoryrelated disease, atherosclerosis.
