http://dr.limu.edu.ly/handle/123456789/14 2026-04-06T08:18:22Z http://dr.limu.edu.ly/handle/123456789/3276 Sex determination using foramen magnum: A study on computerized tomographic images of normal Libyan adults Jamal, Omar Gnieber The purpose of this research is to study the sexual dimorphism of the sagittal diameter (SD) and transverse diameters (TD) of the foramen magnum (FM) among healthy Libyan adults. The study sample included a computerized tomography (CT) images of 46 individual (27 male, 19 female) their age ranged from (18 to 75). The length (SD) and the width (TD) of the 46 individuals was measured using FM was measured. The obtained data (sex, age, SD of FM. TD of FM) was then entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The result showed a statistically significant different in FM parameters between both sexes, For SD, (P value=0.000), For TD (P value=0.007). The mean sagittal diameter was (3.89cm) for males, and (3.46cm) for females. The mean transverse diameter was (3.29cm) for males, and (3.00cm) for females. The study thus demonstrates that there is a statistically significant different in the foramen magnum dimension between both sexes in the Libyan population. Which can be helpful in sex determination in forensic medicine 2021-08-01T00:00:00Z http://dr.limu.edu.ly/handle/123456789/3273 A study of morphometric evaluation of the maxillary sinuses in normal subjects using computer tomography images Aya, Hassan Asbali Maxillary sinuses (MS) are two air filled bony cavities situated in the body of maxilla on either side of nasal cavity and can be of different sizes and shapes. It can be used for identification of individual and gender determination. CT is most reliable method for measurements of maxillary sinus dimensions. Aim: The present study was conducted to evaluate the anteroposterior and mediolateral diameter of Maxillary Sinus (MS) in determining gender by computed tomography (CT) scan. Material and methods: This study was performed in 46 adults (18-75 years) divided into 2 groups 24 females (52%) and 22 males (47%) retrospective review of the archives in Department of Radiology of the Ibn -Sina hospital in Benghazi – Libya. Result: The right and left MS (width and length) was measured and compared between males and females. The mean parameters of the MS of the females were found to be statistically insignificant equal in comparison to males. Classification function coefficients and accuracy level for each parameter in determining gender was done. The final result of the analysis shows that the mean of males and females approximately equal. Conclusion: The result of the present study shows there was no difference between male and females regarding to width and length of the MS. However, it has been found that the size of MS is decreasing with increasing the age of the case. 2021-09-29T00:00:00Z http://dr.limu.edu.ly/handle/123456789/2131 Association between Thyroid Dysfunction and Type II Diabetes Mellitus among Adults in Benghazi City Mohammed Anan, Noha Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine disorders and is often classified as type 1 and type 2 according to its pathogenicity. Type 2 is due insulin resistance, which is when the target cells don’t respond to insulin. It is seen more in older age groups and associated with obesity. Insulin and thyroid hormones influence one another, if the thyroid function is disturbed in diabetic patients; the glycemic control is negatively affected. The aim of the study was to assess the frequency and pattern of thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients. The participants (n=90) included diabetic patients (n=71) and control (n=19). Thyroid status was evaluated and 8.45% of diabetic patients were shown to have subclinical hypothyroidism, while in the control group, the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 10.53%. No other types of thyroid disorders were found. Statistical analysis was performed and showed no significant relationship between thyroid dysfunction and the following: gender, age, BMI, duration of diabetes, usage of insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents or hypertension, in either diabetic or control group. The prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity among the patients was 14.08%. The prevalence was higher in females than males (20.51% vs. 6.25%) in the diabetic group as well as in the control group (16.67% vs. 14.29%). 1.1. Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. Normally when levels of glucose are elevated in the blood, the insulin is released from pancreatic cells and acts to increase the cells’ uptake of glucose; where it’s used to release energy (muscle cells) or stored for later use (liver and fat cells). In diabetes , it is caused by either a defect in insulin secretion or an insufficient response from the target cells (Dean and McEntyre, 2004). Chronic hyperglycemia causes a long-term and possibly life-threatening complications which include retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy (Association, 2014). It also causes an increased risk of heart disease ranging from to 2-to-4 folds. Diabetic patients are classified according to the pathogenicity of the disease. Most are classified into two types: either there is a complete absent of insulin due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, referred to as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM); or there is a resistance to insulin action, referred to as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is common for insulin resistance to be accompanied by defects in its secretion (Olokoba, Obateru and Olokoba, 2012). Symptoms of hyperglycemia include polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia. If left untreated, uncontrolled diabetes could lead to ketoacidosis or non-ketotic hyperosmolar syndrome. The early symptoms are mild and hyperglycemia could go untreated for years; especially in T2DM (Olokoba, Obateru and Olokoba, 2012). Diabetes mellitus is considered one of the most common endocrine disorders worldwide. The region of the Middle East and North Africa has a prevalence of 10.9% (Kharroubi, 2015). T1DM occurs mostly among children under 15 years with a higher incidence in people of European descent. T2DM has a much higher prevalence, and its incidence increases with age. However, it is becoming more common in children due to increased rate of obesity (Forouhi and Wareham, 2019). 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dr.limu.edu.ly/handle/123456789/2130 Histopathological study of prostate cancer in Libyan patients in Eastern region between years (2015 to 2018) Nuri Ben Arhiam, Nada Prostate cancer is more common in men over the age of 65 years and the second leading cause of death among men in the United States. We studied prostate cancer (n=239) with regards to age, histopathological types, grade, and stages between years (2015 to 2018) using H&E stained section. All cases were histologically adenocarcinoma with different grades. Most of the cases were ≥65 (90%), grade 1 (35.6%), stage IV (89.8%) and most of them presented with back pain (47.1%). Majority of cases show gradual decrease in PSA level after the patient underwent surgery, hormonal and chemotherapy (36.4%). 1.1 Anatomical structures of the prostate The human prostate at the base of the urinary bladder is a walnut-sized organ. The prostatic urethra is enveloped by a fibromuscular glandular organ The inverted coin, as it is located just below the urinary bladder, measures approximately 3cm in diameter and is located superiorly between the bladder neck and the urogenital diaphragm. 1.1.1 Relations Apex is associated with the bladder's neck . The base is linked to the urogenital diaphragm . Ventrally connected to the pubis symphony but separated by extraperitoneal fat and its dorsally associated rectum and separated from it by fascia denonvilliers Laterally, the prostate is connected to the dorsal aspect. 1.1.2 Structure of the prostate Plentiful glands of the prostate are planted into a mixture of smooth muscle and connective tissue the ducts opens towards the prostatic urethra. The prostate is inadequately branched into five lobes . The ventral one lies towards the urethra and its bare from glandular tissue, the middle lobe is the chunk of the gland locates between the urethra and ejaculatory duct, its superior surface is linked to bladder trigon, dorsal lobe is located behind the urethra. Right and left lateral lobes are located on each side of urethra and they are detached from one another by a flat vertical groove. 1.3 What is a tumor It is an abnormal cell aggregation that will eventually lead to swelling, but not all swellings are cancerous. If the tumor is either benign or malignant, it all depends on the cell growth pattern, so logical if it has normal cell growth is called benign and if there is an abnormal development pattern, it is called malignant. 2019-09-01T00:00:00Z